From Human Mobility to Social Integration: Tijuana as a Space of Encounter and Migratory Tension

Abstract

Migration, recognized as a fundamental human right, responds to structural factors that shape growing and heterogeneous flows. Mexico is a country of origin, transit, destination, and return, with increases in irregular international migration since 2019. The lack of a comprehensive migration policy limits social cohesion and heightens the vulnerability of migrants, while host perceptions influence processes of integration or exclusion. Although their labor insertion is concentrated in low-skilled jobs, there is evidence that migrants contribute positively to local economic and cultural development. This study analyzes the interaction between migratory flows and local dynamics, taking Tijuana, Baja California, as a representative case of identity and social reconfiguration. Findings show that tolerance toward the international migrant community depends less on demographic factors and more on local perceptions and behaviors, underscoring the need to strengthen cultural and educational strategies that foster plural coexistence.